Glaucoma

Introduction

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure inside the eye. This damage is irreversible and can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated early. Known as the “silent thief of sight,” glaucoma often has no noticeable symptoms in its early stages but can be effectively managed with timely diagnosis and treatment.

Common Symptoms of Glaucoma

Many people do not experience symptoms until the disease has advanced. Regular eye exams help detect it early.

Gradual Loss of Side Vision

Often unnoticed until significant damage has occurred.

Blurred or Hazy Vision

May worsen over time if untreated.

Eye Pain or Headaches

More common in acute types of glaucoma.

Seeing Halos Around Lights

Especially noticeable in low-light conditions.

Redness in the Eye

A sign of increased eye pressure.

Sudden Vision Loss

In rare, severe cases (acute angle-closure glaucoma).

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Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma:

Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP): The most significant risk factor.
Family History: Genetics plays a major role.
Age: Risk increases after age 40.
Medical Conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism increase risk.
Eye Injuries: Trauma can raise eye pressure.
Long-Term Steroid Use: Can elevate intraocular pressure.
Ethnicity: People of African and Asian descent are at higher risk.
  • Types of Glaucoma
  • Diagnosis & Treatment at Solis
  • Long-Term Care and Monitoring

Glaucoma can be classified into several types based on its cause and presentation:

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common form, progressing slowly without noticeable symptoms.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Less common but a medical emergency causing sudden eye pain and vision loss.
Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure.
Congenital Glaucoma: A rare form present at birth.
Intumescent Cataract: Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by another eye disease or injury.
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Early detection through routine screening is key.

Diagnostic Process: Includes tonometry (eye pressure measurement), optic nerve evaluation, visual field testing, OCT imaging, and gonioscopy.
Treatment: Aims to lower eye pressure using medicated eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery. Our specialists may recommend Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) for advanced cases.
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Glaucoma requires lifelong management to prevent vision loss.

Use eye drops regularly as prescribed.
Monitor eye pressure through regular check-ups.
Maintain overall health and control associated medical conditions.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can glaucoma be cured?

No, but it can be managed effectively to prevent further vision loss.

How often should I get screened for glaucoma?

Adults over 40 or those with risk factors should have annual screenings.

Can glaucoma cause blindness?

If untreated, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss.

Will I need surgery?

 Not always. Many cases are managed with medications or laser treatment, but surgery may be needed for advanced glaucoma.

Are there lifestyle changes to help manage glaucoma?

Yes, managing stress, avoiding smoking, and controlling medical conditions support better eye health.